Candidate Instructions 🧒

You are the FY2 working in the GP.

The next patient on the list is a 64-year-old man who has come in to the practice worried as he has seen blood in his stool.

Please take a focused history, offer your differentials, investigations and suggest a management plan.


Station Material (ONLY OPEN WHEN PROMPTED)

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Actor Instructions 🤒

Name: Steve Murphy
DOB: DD/MM/YYYY
Age:64

Agenda:

  • You have convinced yourself that you have bowel cancer, bleak outlook on your life, if you were to be told that you have a different diagnosis you would be very emotional and grateful

ICE:

  • I: You are convinced you have bowel cancer
  • C: You are very concerned about the blood in the stool, you are convinced that you have bowel cancer just like your brother and probably your father too
  • E: You want to know if you can be given anything right now to help with your symptoms

PC:

  • You went to see your GP as you have been constipated and have noticed some blood in your stool which has worried you

HPC:

Positive symptoms:
  • Pain:

    • Pain at back passage only when sat on the toilet
    • Started with pain, other symptoms followed on
    • Pain on defecation
    • Sharp in nature
    • No radiation of pain
    • 5/10 severity
    • Itching around anus present -- embarrassed to say, thought it was due to poor wiping
    • No abdominal pain
  • Symptoms for past month
  • Fullness at back passage
  • Always been constipated, have never seen blood in the toilet before
  • Frequently spend up to 20-30 minutes sat on the toilet, takes along time to empty bowels completely
  • Stools are very dry, small, rabbit-dropping like
  • Stool has NEVER been black in colour
  • Past month have seen drips of blood in the pan
  • Blood is red in colour
  • Maximum one teaspoonful of blood
  • Never happened before
Negative symptoms:
  • No change in bowel habits
  • No diarrhoea or vomiting
  • No symptoms of anaemia
  • No mucus in stool
  • No urological symptoms
  • No systemic symptoms e.g. fevers, weight loss, loss of appetite or rashes

PMHx:

  • Hypertension
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Nil other PMHx

DHx:

  • Amlodipine, ramipril, metformin
  • No other medication
  • No known drug allergies

FHx:

  • Brother 62y/o recently diagnosed with bowel cancer
  • Father 66y/o died at similar age, never knew the cause
  • No other significant family history

SHx:

  • Smoked one packet a day for 10 years -- STOPPED 30 years ago
  • Social drinker -- few pints a week at the pub
  • No recreational drug use
  • Retired landscape architect
  • No effect on day to day life
  • Live with wife and two dogs
  • Fit, strong and athletic man
  • No recent travel
  • No contacts who have been unwell recently
  • Poor fluid intake, frequently feel dehydrated
  • Diet is classic British food, don't like the taste of much else

Mark Scheme ✍️

Introduction

Washes hands
Full name and role
Checks patient's name and DOB
Explains purpose of consultation
Enquires about ideas, concerns and expectations
all-markschemes.introduction

Presenting complaint

Establishes presenting complaint
history-markschemes.presenting-complaint

History of presenting complaint

Timecourse + onset
Frequency of symptoms
Ever happened before
Urological symptoms
history-markschemes.history-presenting-complaint

Pain

Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Associations
Time
Exacerbation/alleviation
Severity
Analgesia
history-markschemes.history-presenting-complaint

Gastrointestinal symptoms

Nausea
Vomiting
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Tenesmus
history-markschemes.history-presenting-complaint

Systemic symptoms

Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Fever
Night sweats
history-markschemes.history-presenting-complaint

Past medical history

IBD
Haemorrhoids
Fissure
history-markschemes.past-medical-history

Drug history

Current medications
Known allergies
history-markschemes.drug-history

Family history

Similar symptoms in household
Family history of gastrointestinal problems
Family history of bowel cancer
history-markschemes.family-history

Social history

Smoking, alcohol and recreational drug use
Living situation
Independence regarding ADLs
Occupation
Recent travel
Disease effect on lifestyle
Diet
history-markschemes.social-history

Conclusion

Summarises + closes consultation appropriately
Patient questions
Thanks patient
all-markschemes.conclusion

Diagnosis

Haemorrhoids
all-markschemes.diagnosis

Differential diagnoses

Anal fissure
Bowel cancer
Crohn's disease
all-markschemes.diagnosis

Investigations

Bloods

FBC
all-markschemes.investigations

Further investigations

Abdominal examination
PR examination
Occult blood in stool
Anoscopic exmaination
Colonoscopy/flexible sigmoidoscopy -- invitation 55+ screening programme
all-markschemes.investigations

Management

Analgesia
Dietary/lifestyle modification -- high fibre foods, hydration, avoid straining, avoid opioid analgesia, keeping area clean
Topical corticosteroids -- grade 1
Rubber band ligation -- grade 2
Sclerotherapy -- grade 2
Leaflet
Review -- IF symptoms non-resolving after a few weeks
2 week wait referral -- depending examination findings
all-markschemes.management

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